Ecoli essays

Ecoli articles Canada's E. Coli Epidemic Claims Fifth Victim 1:44 p.m. ET (1744 GMT) May 26, 2000 WALKERTON, Ontario (Reuters) - A fifth individual kicked the bucket on Thursday in what might be Canada's greatest E. coli pestilence, as police and wellbeing authorities were set to conclude whether to dispatch a criminal examination concerning the flare-up. Dr. Murray McQuigge, the region's central clinical official, said the episode in the principally horticultural network of Walkerton, Ontario, could have been forestalled, and blamed the neighborhood Public Utilities Commission (PUC) of disregarding the aftereffects of its own tests on Thursday, May 18, which he said set up the town's water was dangerous. He said 10 individuals, including four kids, stayed in a basic condition, struck somewhere near microbes in the town's water framework. A baby and three grown-ups kicked the bucket from E. coli complexities on Wednesday. At any rate 500 individuals have been contaminated in Walkerton, a town of 5,000 individuals around two hours drive northwest of Toronto. Dr. James Cairns, vice president coroner for the area of Ontario, said his specialization needs an examination into the passings. ''We are worried about open security,'' he said. We need to know how the sullying happened, how it was overseen and how individuals passed on.'' It is accepted the water may have been polluted by fertilizer washed into the framework by ongoing overwhelming downpours. There likely could be more individuals who will kick the bucket. I figure we could have forestalled every one of these passings,'' McQuigge told a news meeting, including that new cases could develop as late as Monday as the microorganisms can have a hatching time of as long as 10 days before side effects show up. McQuigge said he would meet with wellbeing and common police authorities on Friday to attempt to choose where fault for passings is to be laid. There is likely going to be a criminal examination,'' he said. Walkerton inhabitants were offended as news spread that it is conceivable that the disaster could have been forestalled. A nearby radi ... <!

college :: essays research papers

My First Year at Lewis My school experience began around two years back. I realized it was not going to be simple, however I was uncertain of what was in front of me. The single word that depicts the emotions I initially had during my first year at Lewis is duty, which I encountered scholastically, socially and even financially. My school experience dislike some other understudy would depict it. Most understudies state that you have a ton of time on your hands since classes are so spread out, yet things didn't go along these lines for me. Avionics Maintenance at Lewis University has an alternate method of getting things done.  â â â â everybody realizes that school is scholastically a stage higher than secondary school. I developed progressively dependable scholastically in light of the fact that my classes where directly to the point, and the instructors talked with incredible information. Avionics Maintenance has an alternate timetable here at Lewis University. For me that implied 8:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. classes with one hour break. I needed to stay aware of tests and schoolwork in extremely brief periods. It took a great deal of obligation regarding me to achieve this. I believed I needed to change numerous things throughout my life. I needed to get more rest, finish schoolwork quick, and make time to read for tests. Everyone in my group felt a similar weight.      I likewise developed increasingly capable socially as I met more companions and turned out to be progressively familiar with them. My schoolmates felt a similar extreme timetable for Aviation Maintenance too. Regular we had â€Å"shop† class from 1:00 p.m. until 5:00 p.m. This implied we needed to get along so as to complete work. Shop classes where intriguing and included a great deal of hands on and bunch work. Obligation turns into a major move in helping one another and achieving our errands particularly with regards to these classes.      Finally, I turned out to be progressively dependable financially as I drove to class each morning and felt the weight of keeping a nearby spending plan. My top notch was at 8:00 a.m., which implied getting up at 6:00 a.m. what's more, leaving at 6:30 a.m. Rest turned into a need, while simultaneously completing examinations was likewise important. Time was an issue that must be controlled well and this turned out to be hard for me since time was never an issue.

Most Common Academic Words (Part 2 of 4)

Most Common Academic Words (Part 2 of 4) EP 24: Most Common Academic Words To Improve Your Academic Writing (Part 2/4) EP 24: Most Common Academic Words To Improve Your Academic Writing (Part 2/4) Are you looking to increase your academic or English vocabulary? This week on Episode 24 of the Homework Help Show our Host and Top Writer Cath Anne builds on a series in which she discusses the most commonly used academic words. Follow along so that you can increase your academic comprehension and incorporate some new words into your academic writing! Using the words, Cath Anne discusses how to create your own sentences. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:05] Hows it going guys? Its Cath Anne, weekly host of The Homework Help Show and Top Writer for Homework Help Global. This week we will continue our series in which we discuss common academic words to incorporate into your academic writing. Make sure you check out our other videos. Episode 21 and 23. For more on the same topic. Cath Anne: [00:00:25] Just a little overview: this series will help you to expand your academic vocabulary using the academic word list. This is a list that you can easily find on Google or anywhere on the internet just by typing it in the search. This core academic vocabulary is used by writers in many different subject areas so learning vocabulary from the AWL will help you to improve your comprehension of academic texts. It will also help you to write assignments in an academic style which your profs are really going to love. Cath Anne: [00:00:59] Feel free to come back to these videos when you need a reminder of the various words we discuss. One way to learn new vocabulary is to learn a new word from the list every day. But it is better to learn words in context so that you will understand how they are used. That is why we will present to word and then present it in a sentence to give you some context. Cath Anne: [00:01:21] Before we jump in. Just a quick reminder to join me live on Instagram live and Facebook live every Thursday at 7:00 PM Eastern Standard Time. We will be doing a live Q and A and study session. So bring your homework and any questions you may have and we will try to help you out. Cath Anne: [00:01:39] OK so lets get into the content. Just a reminder that we encourage you to pause the video at any time just, so you can take some notes and get those words on your list. This week we will add to our initial list with buy more common academic words. So, this session we will be discussing the words, the part of speech (whether it is a noun, verb, or adjective) and the meaning of the word. Then of course as I mentioned we will put the word into a sentence, so you can understand the word in context. Cath Anne: [00:02:27] Lets begin. The first word. This week is environment. As you can see environment is noun. It means the condition of your surroundings. Your surroundings could be geography, society, or even your mood. In a sentence we can use the word environment. Due to climate change there are concerns about the environment. That is probably the most commonly used way to use the word environment. Cath Anne: [00:03:17] The next word is estimate. Estimate is a verb meaning: to make an approximate guess or judgment. So, we could say, I estimate that I will get a score of 80 percent on the upcoming test. Good for you! 80 percent is a great score! Cath Anne: [00:03:56] The next word is factor. Factor is a noun. This means something that contributes to a particular result. So, we can say, There are several factors that contribute to climate change. Those factors might be carbon gas emissions, other forms of pollution, and plastic contamination. So, as you can see there are multiple factors. Multiple factors is a common way to use the word factor in academic jargon and academic writing. Cath Anne: [00:04:46] Number four is function. Function is a noun. It means the purpose for which something is designed. What is its function? What is its purpose? For example, we could say, The phone apps main function is to help people find cool restaurants. Perhaps the app has other functions as well. Maybe it has a menu rating system, maybe it tells you how close local restaurants are. The application may have several functions. Cath Anne: [00:05:41] Finally we have the word identified. Identified as a verb. This means to recognize something or someone. Most commonly it is used in the past tense and it is followed by a direct object. We identified something. For example, We identified three different factors that contribute to child poverty. So, weve also used the word factor in this sentence. What did we identify? We identified something, the three different factors. Cath Anne: [00:06:32] So as you can see all of these words are highly beneficial in academic writing. You can incorporate them throughout your essays and your professors will be very happy that you are familiar with some academic language. Cath Anne: [00:06:47] As I noted please check out our other videos. Episode 21 Episode 23. Theyre very similar to this and we discussed five academic words which you can incorporate into your academic writing. We will be doing another two videos on this topic. So, if this is of interest to you, please make sure to check out this videos. Cath Anne: [00:07:11] That is it for this week. Thank you guys so much for joining me on The Homework Help Show and I hope this episode was of benefit to you. If you want to gain access to any more of our content please view us on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Google Plus, YouTube, Medium where we have a bunch of different student life blogs and information. If you are more of a podcast listener were on SoundCloud, Anchor, iTunes Apple podcast, and Google Play Music. All you have to do to find any of our content is to search Homework Help Global and we will be there. If you have any writing or homework questions. Please remember to join us live on Instagram and Facebook. Live every Thursday at 7:00p.m. Eastern Standard Time. I hope you guys have a great week. Take care. Most Common Academic Words (Part 2 of 4) EP 24: Most Common Academic Words To Improve Your Academic Writing (Part 2/4) EP 24: Most Common Academic Words To Improve Your Academic Writing (Part 2/4) Are you looking to increase your academic or English vocabulary? This week on Episode 24 of the Homework Help Show our Host and Top Writer Cath Anne builds on a series in which she discusses the most commonly used academic words. Follow along so that you can increase your academic comprehension and incorporate some new words into your academic writing! Using the words, Cath Anne discusses how to create your own sentences. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:05] Hows it going guys? Its Cath Anne, weekly host of The Homework Help Show and Top Writer for Homework Help Global. This week we will continue our series in which we discuss common academic words to incorporate into your academic writing. Make sure you check out our other videos. Episode 21 and 23. For more on the same topic. Cath Anne: [00:00:25] Just a little overview: this series will help you to expand your academic vocabulary using the academic word list. This is a list that you can easily find on Google or anywhere on the internet just by typing it in the search. This core academic vocabulary is used by writers in many different subject areas so learning vocabulary from the AWL will help you to improve your comprehension of academic texts. It will also help you to write assignments in an academic style which your profs are really going to love. Cath Anne: [00:00:59] Feel free to come back to these videos when you need a reminder of the various words we discuss. One way to learn new vocabulary is to learn a new word from the list every day. But it is better to learn words in context so that you will understand how they are used. That is why we will present to word and then present it in a sentence to give you some context. Cath Anne: [00:01:21] Before we jump in. Just a quick reminder to join me live on Instagram live and Facebook live every Thursday at 7:00 PM Eastern Standard Time. We will be doing a live Q and A and study session. So bring your homework and any questions you may have and we will try to help you out. Cath Anne: [00:01:39] OK so lets get into the content. Just a reminder that we encourage you to pause the video at any time just, so you can take some notes and get those words on your list. This week we will add to our initial list with buy more common academic words. So, this session we will be discussing the words, the part of speech (whether it is a noun, verb, or adjective) and the meaning of the word. Then of course as I mentioned we will put the word into a sentence, so you can understand the word in context. Cath Anne: [00:02:27] Lets begin. The first word. This week is environment. As you can see environment is noun. It means the condition of your surroundings. Your surroundings could be geography, society, or even your mood. In a sentence we can use the word environment. Due to climate change there are concerns about the environment. That is probably the most commonly used way to use the word environment. Cath Anne: [00:03:17] The next word is estimate. Estimate is a verb meaning: to make an approximate guess or judgment. So, we could say, I estimate that I will get a score of 80 percent on the upcoming test. Good for you! 80 percent is a great score! Cath Anne: [00:03:56] The next word is factor. Factor is a noun. This means something that contributes to a particular result. So, we can say, There are several factors that contribute to climate change. Those factors might be carbon gas emissions, other forms of pollution, and plastic contamination. So, as you can see there are multiple factors. Multiple factors is a common way to use the word factor in academic jargon and academic writing. Cath Anne: [00:04:46] Number four is function. Function is a noun. It means the purpose for which something is designed. What is its function? What is its purpose? For example, we could say, The phone apps main function is to help people find cool restaurants. Perhaps the app has other functions as well. Maybe it has a menu rating system, maybe it tells you how close local restaurants are. The application may have several functions. Cath Anne: [00:05:41] Finally we have the word identified. Identified as a verb. This means to recognize something or someone. Most commonly it is used in the past tense and it is followed by a direct object. We identified something. For example, We identified three different factors that contribute to child poverty. So, weve also used the word factor in this sentence. What did we identify? We identified something, the three different factors. Cath Anne: [00:06:32] So as you can see all of these words are highly beneficial in academic writing. You can incorporate them throughout your essays and your professors will be very happy that you are familiar with some academic language. Cath Anne: [00:06:47] As I noted please check out our other videos. Episode 21 Episode 23. Theyre very similar to this and we discussed five academic words which you can incorporate into your academic writing. We will be doing another two videos on this topic. So, if this is of interest to you, please make sure to check out this videos. Cath Anne: [00:07:11] That is it for this week. Thank you guys so much for joining me on The Homework Help Show and I hope this episode was of benefit to you. If you want to gain access to any more of our content please view us on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Google Plus, YouTube, Medium where we have a bunch of different student life blogs and information. If you are more of a podcast listener were on SoundCloud, Anchor, iTunes Apple podcast, and Google Play Music. All you have to do to find any of our content is to search Homework Help Global and we will be there. If you have any writing or homework questions. Please remember to join us live on Instagram and Facebook. Live every Thursday at 7:00p.m. Eastern Standard Time. I hope you guys have a great week. Take care.

Shakespeare Sonnet 2 - Analysis

Shakespeare’s Sonnet 2: When Forty Winters Shall Besiege Thy Brow is interesting because it further expresses his desire for the subject of his poem to breed. This theme is introduced in Sonnet 1 and continues through to poem 17. The poem advises the fair youth that when he is old and looks withered and terrible he can, at least, point to his son and say that he has passed on his beauty to him. However, if he does not breed, he will have to live with the shame of simply looking old and withered. In short, a child would compensate for the ravages of aging. Through metaphor, the poem suggests that you can live your life through your child if necessary. The child would provide evidence that he was once beautiful and worthy of praise. The full text of the sonnet can be read here:  Sonnet 2. Sonnet 2: Facts Sequence:  Second sonnet in the  Fair Youth Sonnets.Key Themes:  Old age, procreation, a child providing evidence of one’s worth, Winter, obsession with the fair youth’s beauty.Style: Written in iambic pentameter and follows the traditional sonnet form. Sonnet 2: Translation When forty winters have passed, you will have aged and become wrinkly. Your youthful looks, so admired as they are now, will be gone. Then if anyone asks you where your beauty lies, where the worth of your youthful, lusty days is evident, you could say: â€Å"Within mine own deep sunken eyes.† But that would be shameful and not praiseworthy if you didn’t have a child to show off and say this is evidence of my beauty and the reason for my aging. The child’s beauty is proof of mine: â€Å"Proving his beauty by succession thine.† The child would be youthful and beautiful when you are old and would remind you of being young and warm-blooded when you are cold. Sonnet 2: Analysis Being forty years old in Shakespeare’s time would likely have been considered to be a â€Å"good old age†, so when forty winters had passed, you would have been considered old. In this sonnet, the poet is giving almost fatherly advice to the fair youth. He does not appear to be interested in the fair youth romantically himself in this poem but is encouraging a heterosexual union. However, the preoccupation with the fair youth and his life choices soon becomes quite overwhelming and obsessive. The sonnet takes a subtly different tack from Sonnet 1 (where he says that if the fair youth does not breed it would be selfish of him and the world would regret it). In this sonnet, the poet suggests that the fair youth would feel shame and would personally regret it himself – perhaps the speaker does so to appeal to the narcissistic side of the fair youth, pointed to in Sonnet 1. Perhaps a narcissist would not care what the world thinks, but would care what he may feel himself in later life?

Neil Postman s Exploration Of This Issue - 1737 Words

As everyone knows society has many problems, however many do not realize that root of these problems may stem from the way they are discussed and presented. When a person compares how information was obtained and current issues were discussed prior to this century they come to find that the contrast between now and then is so outstanding. It’s completely clear why many people aren’t aware of what has been happening. The reason the difference is so profound is because our discourse has gradually been dumbed-down since the beginning of the information era, and people are treating the serious issues that arise as entertainment. The most powerful culprit being television, has being accused of causing damage to the people that were raised in the TV era. Neil Postman’s exploration of this issue in his novel written in 1985, Amusing Ourselves to Death, is a crucial hint of the consequences of being immersed in a culture that is driven by television. Even though it has b een 20 years since the book was published the influx of internet only makes his novel more and more relevant to today than it was when it was written Postman’s key argument is the comparison of two tremendously different imagined cultures in literature. The first came from the English novelist, George Orwell’s dictatorial society novel, 1984. The other view came from English writer and philosopher Aldous Huxley’s novel called Brave New World. In George Orwell’s version people are oppressed from an external force andShow MoreRelated Postman: Rant or Reason? Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesPostman: Rant or Reason? In his novel, Amusing Ourselves to Death, author Neil Postman describes to the reader, in detail, the immediate and future dangers of television. The arguement starts out in a logical manner, explaining first the differences between todays media-driven society, and yesterdays typographic America. Postman goes on to discuss in the second half of his book the effects of todays media, politics on television, religion on television, and finally televised educationalRead MoreNeil Postmans Amusing Ourselves to Death: A Review1566 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿No Longer Fun Neil Postmans Amusing Ourselves to Death is a trenchant piece of social commentary about the very nature of society at the time of his writing in the final decades of the 20th century. The book assesses the importance of television in the lives of its viewers, and denotes how that importance itself shapes those lives and, by extension, the surrounding world. The particular time in which this manuscript was published is immensely significant, since it occurred a year after 1984Read MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagese Innovator’s Dilemma and e Innovator’s Solution. Now e Innovator’s DNA shows where it all starts. is book gives you the fundamental building blocks for becoming more innovative and changing the world. One of the most important books to come out this year, and one that will remain pivotal reading for years to come.† Chairman and CEO, salesforce.com; author, Behind the Cloud â€Å" e Innovator’s DNA is the ‘how to’ manual to innovation, and to the fresh thinking that is the root of innovationRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture

Angels Demons Chapter 118-120 Free Essays

string(36) " was surprised when their eyes met\." 118 Eleven-forty-two P.M. The frenzied convoy that plunged back into the basilica to retrieve the camerlegno was not one Langdon had ever imagined he would be part of†¦ much less leading. We will write a custom essay sample on Angels Demons Chapter 118-120 or any similar topic only for you Order Now But he had been closest to the door and had acted on instinct. He’ll die in here, Langdon thought, sprinting over the threshold into the darkened void. â€Å"Camerlegno! Stop!† The wall of blackness that hit Langdon was absolute. His pupils were contracted from the glare outside, and his field of vision now extended no farther than a few feet before his face. He skidded to a stop. Somewhere in the blackness ahead, he heard the camerlegno’s cassock rustle as the priest ran blindly into the abyss. Vittoria and the guards arrived immediately. Flashlights came on, but the lights were almost dead now and did not even begin to probe the depths of the basilica before them. The beams swept back and forth, revealing only columns and bare floor. The camerlegno was nowhere to be seen. â€Å"Camerlegno!† Chartrand yelled, fear in his voice. â€Å"Wait! Signore!† A commotion in the doorway behind them caused everyone to turn. Chinita Macri’s large frame lurched through the entry. Her camera was shouldered, and the glowing red light on top revealed that it was still transmitting. Glick was running behind her, microphone in hand, yelling for her to slow down. Langdon could not believe these two. This is not the time! â€Å"Out!† Chartrand snapped. â€Å"This is not for your eyes!† But Macri and Glick kept coming. â€Å"Chinita!† Glick sounded fearful now. â€Å"This is suicide! I’m not coming!† Macri ignored him. She threw a switch on her camera. The spotlight on top glared to life, blinding everyone. Langdon shielded his face and turned away in pain. Damn it! When he looked up, though, the church around them was illuminated for thirty yards. At that moment the camerlegno’s voice echoed somewhere in the distance. â€Å"Upon this rock I will build my church!† Macri wheeled her camera toward the sound. Far off, in the grayness at the end of the spotlight’s reach, black fabric billowed, revealing a familiar form running down the main aisle of the basilica. There was a fleeting instant of hesitation as everyone’s eyes took in the bizarre image. Then the dam broke. Chartrand pushed past Langdon and sprinted after the camerlegno. Langdon took off next. Then the guards and Vittoria. Macri brought up the rear, lighting everyone’s way and transmitting the sepulchral chase to the world. An unwilling Glick cursed aloud as he tagged along, fumbling through a terrified blow-by-blow commentary. The main aisle of St. Peter’s Basilica, Lieutenant Chartrand had once figured out, was longer than an Olympic soccer field. Tonight, however, it felt like twice that. As the guard sprinted after the camerlegno, he wondered where the man was headed. The camerlegno was clearly in shock, delirious no doubt from his physical trauma and bearing witness to the horrific massacre in the Pope’s office. Somewhere up ahead, beyond the reach of the BBC spotlight, the camerlegno’s voice rang out joyously. â€Å"Upon this rock I will build my church!† Chartrand knew the man was shouting Scripture – Matthew 16:18, if Chartrand recalled correctly. Upon this rock I will build my church. It was an almost cruelly inapt inspiration – the church was about to be destroyed. Surely the camerlegno had gone mad. Or had he? For a fleeting instant, Chartrand’s soul fluttered. Holy visions and divine messages had always seemed like wishful delusions to him – the product of overzealous minds hearing what they wanted to hear – God did not interact directly! A moment later, though, as if the Holy Spirit Himself had descended to persuade Chartrand of His power, Chartrand had a vision. Fifty yards ahead, in the center of the church, a ghost appeared†¦ a diaphanous, glowing outline. The pale shape was that of the half-naked camerlegno. The specter seemed transparent, radiating light. Chartrand staggered to a stop, feeling a knot tighten in his chest. The camerlegno is glowing! The body seemed to shine brighter now. Then, it began to sink†¦ deeper and deeper, until it disappeared as if by magic into the blackness of the floor. Langdon had seen the phantom also. For a moment, he too thought he had witnessed a magical vision. But as he passed the stunned Chartrand and ran toward the spot where the camerlegno had disappeared, he realized what had just happened. The camerlegno had arrived at the Niche of the Palliums – the sunken chamber lit by ninety-nine oil lamps. The lamps in the niche shone up from beneath, illuminating him like a ghost. Then, as the camerlegno descended the stairs into the light, he had seemed to disappear beneath the floor. Langdon arrived breathless at the rim overlooking the sunken room. He peered down the stairs. At the bottom, lit by the golden glow of oil lamps, the camerlegno dashed across the marble chamber toward the set of glass doors that led to the room holding the famous golden box. What is he doing? Langdon wondered. Certainly he can’t think the golden box – The camerlegno yanked open the doors and ran inside. Oddly though, he totally ignored the golden box, rushing right past it. Five feet beyond the box, he dropped to his knees and began struggling to lift an iron grate embedded in the floor. Langdon watched in horror, now realizing where the camerlegno was headed. Good God, no! He dashed down the stairs after him. â€Å"Father! Don’t!† As Langdon opened the glass doors and ran toward the camerlegno, he saw the camerlegno heave on the grate. The hinged, iron bulkhead fell open with a deafening crash, revealing a narrow shaft and a steep stairway that dropped into nothingness. As the camerlegno moved toward the hole, Langdon grabbed his bare shoulders and pulled him back. The man’s skin was slippery with sweat, but Langdon held on. The camerlegno wheeled, obviously startled. â€Å"What are you doing!† Langdon was surprised when their eyes met. You read "Angels Demons Chapter 118-120" in category "Essay examples" The camerlegno no longer had the glazed look of a man in a trance. His eyes were keen, glistening with a lucid determination. The brand on his chest looked excruciating. â€Å"Father,† Langdon urged, as calmly as possible, â€Å"you can’t go down there. We need to evacuate.† â€Å"My son,† the camerlegno said, his voice eerily sane. â€Å"I have just had a message. I know – â€Å" â€Å"Camerlegno!† It was Chartrand and the others. They came dashing down the stairs into the room, lit by Macri’s camera. When Chartrand saw the open grate in the floor, his eyes filled with dread. He crossed himself and shot Langdon a thankful look for having stopped the camerlegno. Langdon understood; had read enough about Vatican architecture to know what lay beneath that grate. It was the most sacred place in all of Christendom. Terra Santa. Holy Ground. Some called it the Necropolis. Some called it the Catacombs. According to accounts from the select few clergy who had descended over the years, the Necropolis was a dark maze of subterranean crypts that could swallow a visitor whole if he lost his way. It was not the kind of place through which they wanted to be chasing the camerlegno. â€Å"Signore,† Chartrand pleaded. â€Å"You’re in shock. We need to leave this place. You cannot go down there. It’s suicide.† The camerlegno seemed suddenly stoic. He reached out and put a quiet hand on Chartrand’s shoulder. â€Å"Thank you for your concern and service. I cannot tell you how. I cannot tell you I understand. But I have had a revelation. I know where the antimatter is.† Everyone stared. The camerlegno turned to the group. â€Å"Upon this rock I will build my church. That was the message. The meaning is clear.† Langdon was still unable to comprehend the camerlegno’s conviction that he had spoken to God, much less that he had deciphered the message. Upon this rock I will build my church? They were the words spoken by Jesus when he chose Peter as his first apostle. What did they have to do with anything? Macri moved in for a closer shot. Glick was mute, as if shell-shocked. The camerlegno spoke quickly now. â€Å"The Illuminati have placed their tool of destruction on the very cornerstone of this church. At the foundation.† He motioned down the stairs. â€Å"On the very rock upon which this church was built. And I know where that rock is.† Langdon was certain the time had come to overpower the camerlegno and carry him off. As lucid as he seemed, the priest was talking nonsense. A rock? The cornerstone in the foundation? The stairway before them didn’t lead to the foundation, it led to the necropolis! â€Å"The quote is a metaphor, Father! There is no actual rock!† The camerlegno looked strangely sad. â€Å"There is a rock, my son.† He pointed into the hole. â€Å"Pietro e la pietra.† Langdon froze. In an instant it all came clear. The austere simplicity of it gave him chills. As Langdon stood there with the others, staring down the long staircase, he realized that there was indeed a rock buried in the darkness beneath this church. Pietro e la pietra. Peter is the rock. Peter’s faith in God was so steadfast that Jesus called Peter â€Å"the rock† – the unwavering disciple on whose shoulders Jesus would build his church. On this very location, Langdon realized – Vatican Hill – Peter had been crucified and buried. The early Christians built a small shrine over his tomb. As Christianity spread, the shrine got bigger, layer upon layer, culminating in this colossal basilica. The entire Catholic faith had been built, quite literally, upon St. Peter. The rock. â€Å"The antimatter is on St. Peter’s tomb,† the camerlegno said, his voice crystalline. Despite the seemingly supernatural origin of the information, Langdon sensed a stark logic in it. Placing the antimatter on St. Peter’s tomb seemed painfully obvious now. The Illuminati, in an act of symbolic defiance, had located the antimatter at the core of Christendom, both literally and figuratively. The ultimate infiltration. â€Å"And if you all need worldly proof,† the camerlegno said, sounding impatient now, â€Å"I just found that grate unlocked.† He pointed to the open bulkhead in the floor. â€Å"It is never unlocked. Someone has been down there†¦ recently.† Everyone stared into the hole. An instant later, with deceptive agility, the camerlegno spun, grabbed an oil lamp, and headed for the opening. 119 The stone steps declined steeply into the earth. I’m going to die down here, Vittoria thought, gripping the heavy rope banister as she bounded down the cramped passageway behind the others. Although Langdon had made a move to stop the camerlegno from entering the shaft, Chartrand had intervened, grabbing Langdon and holding on. Apparently, the young guard was now convinced the camerlegno knew what he was doing. After a brief scuffle, Langdon had freed himself and pursued the camerlegno with Chartrand close on his heels. Instinctively, Vittoria had dashed after them. Now she was racing headlong down a precipitous grade where any misplaced step could mean a deadly fall. Far below, she could see the golden glow of the camerlegno’s oil lamp. Behind her, Vittoria could hear the BBC reporters hurrying to keep up. The camera spotlight threw gnarled shadows beyond her down the shaft, illuminating Chartrand and Langdon. Vittoria could scarcely believe the world was bearing witness to this insanity. Turn off the damn camera! Then again, she knew the light was the only reason any of them could see where they were going. As the bizarre chase continued, Vittoria’s thoughts whipped like a tempest. What could the camerlegno possibly do down here? Even if he found the antimatter? There was no time! Vittoria was surprised to find her intuition now telling her the camerlegno was probably right. Placing the antimatter three stories beneath the earth seemed an almost noble and merciful choice. Deep underground – much as in Z-lab – an antimatter annihilation would be partially contained. There would be no heat blast, no flying shrapnel to injure onlookers, just a biblical opening of the earth and a towering basilica crumbling into a crater. Was this Kohler’s one act of decency? Sparing lives? Vittoria still could not fathom the director’s involvement. She could accept his hatred of religion†¦ but this awesome conspiracy seemed beyond him. Was Kohler’s loathing really this profound? Destruction of the Vatican? Hiring an assassin? The murders of her father, the Pope, and four cardinals? It seemed unthinkable. And how had Kohler managed all this treachery within the Vatican walls? Rocher was Kohler’s inside man, Vittoria told herself. Rocher was an Illuminatus. No doubt Captain Rocher had keys to everything – the Pope’s chambers, Il Passetto, the Necropolis, St. Peter’s tomb, all of it. He could have placed the antimatter on St. Peter’s tomb – a highly restricted locale – and then commanded his guards not to waste time searching the Vatican’s restricted areas. Rocher knew nobody would ever find the canister. But Rocher never counted on the camerlegno’s message from above. The message. This was the leap of faith Vittoria was still struggling to accept. Had God actually communicated with the camerlegno? Vittoria’s gut said no, and yet hers was the science of entanglement physics – the study of interconnectedness. She witnessed miraculous communications every day – twin sea-turtle eggs separated and placed in labs thousands of miles apart hatching at the same instant†¦ acres of jellyfish pulsating in perfect rhythm as if of a single mind. There are invisible lines of communication everywhere, she thought. But between God and man? Vittoria wished her father were there to give her faith. He had once explained divine communication to her in scientific terms, and he had made her believe. She still remembered the day she had seen him praying and asked him, â€Å"Father, why do you bother to pray? God cannot answer you.† Leonardo Vetra had looked up from his meditations with a paternal smile. â€Å"My daughter the skeptic. So you don’t believe God speaks to man? Let me put it in your language.† He took a model of the human brain down from a shelf and set it in front of her. â€Å"As you probably know, Vittoria, human beings normally use a very small percentage of their brain power. However, if you put them in emotionally charged situations – like physical trauma, extreme joy or fear, deep meditation – all of a sudden their neurons start firing like crazy, resulting in massively enhanced mental clarity.† â€Å"So what?† Vittoria said. â€Å"Just because you think clearly doesn’t mean you talk to God.† â€Å"Aha!† Vetra exclaimed. â€Å"And yet remarkable solutions to seemingly impossible problems often occur in these moments of clarity. It’s what gurus call higher consciousness. Biologists call it altered states. Psychologists call it super-sentience.† He paused. â€Å"And Christians call it answered prayer.† Smiling broadly, he added, â€Å"Sometimes, divine revelation simply means adjusting your brain to hear what your heart already knows.† Now, as she dashed down, headlong into the dark, Vittoria sensed perhaps her father was right. Was it so hard to believe that the camerlegno’s trauma had put his mind in a state where he had simply â€Å"realized† the antimatter’s location? Each of us is a God, Buddha had said. Each of us knows all. We need only open our minds to hear our own wisdom. It was in that moment of clarity, as Vittoria plunged deeper into the earth, that she felt her own mind open†¦ her own wisdom surface. She sensed now without a doubt what the camerlegno’s intentions were. Her awareness brought with it a fear like nothing she had ever known. â€Å"Camerlegno, no!† she shouted down the passage. â€Å"You don’t understand!† Vittoria pictured the multitudes of people surrounding Vatican City, and her blood ran cold. â€Å"If you bring the antimatter up†¦ everyone will die!† Langdon was leaping three steps at a time now, gaining ground. The passage was cramped, but he felt no claustrophobia. His once debilitating fear was overshadowed by a far deeper dread. â€Å"Camerlegno!† Langdon felt himself closing the gap on the lantern’s glow. â€Å"You must leave the antimatter where it is! There’s no other choice!† Even as Langdon spoke the words, he could not believe them. Not only had he accepted the camerlegno’s divine revelation of the antimatter’s location, but he was lobbying for the destruction of St. Peter’s Basilica – one of the greatest architectural feats on earth†¦ as well as all of the art inside. But the people outside†¦ it’s the only way. It seemed a cruel irony that the only way to save the people now was to destroy the church. Langdon figured the Illuminati were amused by the symbolism. The air coming up from the bottom of the tunnel was cool and dank. Somewhere down here was the sacred necropolis†¦ burial place of St. Peter and countless other early Christians. Langdon felt a chill, hoping this was not a suicide mission. Suddenly, the camerlegno’s lantern seemed to halt. Langdon closed on him fast. The end of the stairs loomed abruptly from out of the shadows. A wrought-iron gate with three embossed skulls blocked the bottom of the stairs. The camerlegno was there, pulling the gate open. Langdon leapt, pushing the gate shut, blocking the camerlegno’s way. The others came thundering down the stairs, everyone ghostly white in the BBC spotlight†¦ especially Glick, who was looking more pasty with every step. Chartrand grabbed Langdon. â€Å"Let the camerlegno pass!† â€Å"No!† Vittoria said from above, breathless. â€Å"We must evacuate right now! You cannot take the antimatter out of here! If you bring it up, everyone outside will die!† The camerlegno’s voice was remarkably calm. â€Å"All of you†¦ we must trust. We have little time.† â€Å"You don’t understand,† Vittoria said. â€Å"An explosion at ground level will be much worse than one down here!† The camerlegno looked at her, his green eyes resplendently sane. â€Å"Who said anything about an explosion at ground level?† Vittoria stared. â€Å"You’re leaving it down here?† The camerlegno’s certitude was hypnotic. â€Å"There will be no more death tonight.† â€Å"Father, but – â€Å" â€Å"Please†¦ some faith.† The camerlegno’s voice plunged to a compelling hush. â€Å"I am not asking anyone to join me. You are all free to go. All I am asking is that you not interfere with His bidding. Let me do what I have been called to do.† The camerlegno’s stare intensified. â€Å"I am to save this church. And I can. I swear on my life.† The silence that followed might as well have been thunder. 120 Eleven-fifty-one P.M. Necropolis literally means City of the Dead. Nothing Robert Langdon had ever read about this place prepared him for the sight of it. The colossal subterranean hollow was filled with crumbling mausoleums, like small houses on the floor of a cave. The air smelled lifeless. An awkward grid of narrow walkways wound between the decaying memorials, most of which were fractured brick with marble platings. Like columns of dust, countless pillars of unexcavated earth rose up, supporting a dirt sky, which hung low over the penumbral hamlet. City of the dead, Langdon thought, feeling trapped between academic wonder and raw fear. He and the others dashed deeper down the winding passages. Did I make the wrong choice? Chartrand had been the first to fall under the camerlegno’s spell, yanking open the gate and declaring his faith in the camerlegno. Glick and Macri, at the camerlegno’s suggestion, had nobly agreed to provide light to the quest, although considering what accolades awaited them if they got out of here alive, their motivations were certainly suspect. Vittoria had been the least eager of all, and Langdon had seen in her eyes a wariness that looked, unsettlingly, a lot like female intuition. It’s too late now, he thought, he and Vittoria dashing after the others. We’re committed. Vittoria was silent, but Langdon knew they were thinking the same thing. Nine minutes is not enough time to get the hell out of Vatican City if the camerlegno is wrong. As they ran on through the mausoleums, Langdon felt his legs tiring, noting to his surprise that the group was ascending a steady incline. The explanation, when it dawned on him, sent shivers to his core. The topography beneath his feet was that of Christ’s time. He was running up the original Vatican Hill! Langdon had heard Vatican scholars claim that St. Peter’s tomb was near the top of Vatican Hill, and he had always wondered how they knew. Now he understood. The damn hill is still here! Langdon felt like he was running through the pages of history. Somewhere ahead was St. Peter’s tomb – the Christian relic. It was hard to imagine that the original grave had been marked only with a modest shrine. Not any more. As Peter’s eminence spread, new shrines were built on top of the old, and now, the homage stretched 440 feet overhead to the top of Michelangelo’s dome, the apex positioned directly over the original tomb within a fraction of an inch. They continued ascending the sinuous passages. Langdon checked his watch. Eight minutes. He was beginning to wonder if he and Vittoria would be joining the deceased here permanently. â€Å"Look out!† Glick yelled from behind them. â€Å"Snake holes!† Langdon saw it in time. A series of small holes riddled the path before them. He leapt, just clearing them. Vittoria jumped too, barely avoiding the narrow hollows. She looked uneasy as they ran on. â€Å"Snake holes?† â€Å"Snack holes, actually,† Langdon corrected. â€Å"Trust me, you don’t want to know.† The holes, he had just realized, were libation tubes. The early Christians had believed in the resurrection of the flesh, and they’d used the holes to literally â€Å"feed the dead† by pouring milk and honey into crypts beneath the floor. The camerlegno felt weak. He dashed onward, his legs finding strength in his duty to God and man. Almost there. He was in incredible pain. The mind can bring so much more pain than the body. Still he felt tired. He knew he had precious little time. â€Å"I will save your church, Father. I swear it.† Despite the BBC lights behind him, for which he was grateful, the camerlegno carried his oil lamp high. I am a beacon in the darkness. I am the light. The lamp sloshed as he ran, and for an instant he feared the flammable oil might spill and burn him. He had experienced enough burned flesh for one evening. As he approached the top of the hill, he was drenched in sweat, barely able to breathe. But when he emerged over the crest, he felt reborn. He staggered onto the flat piece of earth where he had stood many times. Here the path ended. The necropolis came to an abrupt halt at a wall of earth. A tiny marker read: Mausoleum S. La tomba di San Pietro. Before him, at waist level, was an opening in the wall. There was no gilded plaque here. No fanfare. Just a simple hole in the wall, beyond which lay a small grotto and a meager, crumbling sarcophagus. The camerlegno gazed into the hole and smiled in exhaustion. He could hear the others coming up the hill behind him. He set down his oil lamp and knelt to pray. Thank you, God. It is almost over. Outside in the square, surrounded by astounded cardinals, Cardinal Mortati stared up at the media screen and watched the drama unfold in the crypt below. He no longer knew what to believe. Had the entire world just witnessed what he had seen? Had God truly spoken to the camerlegno? Was the antimatter really going to appear on St. Peter’s – â€Å"Look!† A gasp went up from the throngs. â€Å"There!† Everyone was suddenly pointing at the screen. â€Å"It’s a miracle!† Mortati looked up. The camera angle was unsteady, but it was clear enough. The image was unforgettable. Filmed from behind, the camerlegno was kneeling in prayer on the earthen floor. In front of him was a rough-hewn hole in the wall. Inside the hollow, among the rubble of ancient stone, was a terra cotta casket. Although Mortati had seen the coffin only once in his life, he knew beyond a doubt what it contained. San Pietro. Mortati was not naive enough to think that the shouts of joy and amazement now thundering through the crowd were exaltations from bearing witness to one of Christianity’s most sacred relics. St. Peter’s tomb was not what had people falling to their knees in spontaneous prayer and thanksgiving. It was the object on top of his tomb. The antimatter canister. It was there†¦ where it had been all day†¦ hiding in the darkness of the Necropolis. Sleek. Relentless. Deadly. The camerlegno’s revelation was correct. Mortati stared in wonder at the transparent cylinder. The globule of liquid still hovered at its core. The grotto around the canister blinked red as the LED counted down into its final five minutes of life. Also sitting on the tomb, inches away from the canister, was the wireless Swiss Guard security camera that had been pointed at the canister and transmitting all along. Mortati crossed himself, certain this was the most frightful image he had seen in his entire life. He realized, a moment later, however, that it was about to get worse. The camerlegno stood suddenly. He grabbed the antimatter in his hands and wheeled toward the others. His face showing total focus. He pushed past the others and began descending the Necropolis the way he had come, running down the hill. The camera caught Vittoria Vetra, frozen in terror. â€Å"Where are you going! Camerlegno! I thought you said – â€Å" â€Å"Have faith!† he exclaimed as he ran off. Vittoria spun toward Langdon. â€Å"What do we do?† Robert Langdon tried to stop the camerlegno, but Chartrand was running interference now, apparently trusting the camerlegno’s conviction. The picture coming from the BBC camera was like a roller coaster ride now, winding, twisting. Fleeting freeze-frames of confusion and terror as the chaotic cortege stumbled through the shadows back toward the Necropolis entrance. Out in the square, Mortati let out a fearful gasp. â€Å"Is he bringing that up here?† On televisions all over the world, larger than life, the camerlegno raced upward out of the Necropolis with the antimatter before him. â€Å"There will be no more death tonight!† But the camerlegno was wrong. How to cite Angels Demons Chapter 118-120, Essay examples

Mathew And His Amazing Journey To Break My Heart Essays

Mathew And His Amazing Journey To Break My Heart Mathew and his Amazing Journey to Break my Heart Look at how his hair curls down on his forehead! Isnt that so cute? I whispered to my best friend Jenny who was seated next to me. Jenny and I have known each other since we were in diapers with teething rings. I could predict what she would do or say; it was even found that I could tell what she would be wearing that day, without her even telling me. We were both exactly alike also; in love with Mathew Jackson, in love with NSYNC, in love with the color pink, and the list went on. I still have memories of the pink hats we had that matched our pink dresses that we wore on Easter. And the Barbies we played with in Jennys pink dollhouse. Even the coloring books we colored completely pink. I also still have trillions of best friend necklaces Jenny and I bought and trillions of letters that spell out JENNY AND VALERIE ARE BEST FRIENDS FOREVER. So this is why I could tell you that Jenny would agree with my comment about Mathews hair. Yes it is! she whispered. We were still astounded to be in the same room as Mathew Jackson, the most handsome 8th grade boy; I take that back, the most handsome middle-school boy we both had ever seen. He was an accomplished student and athlete. He had everything and anything a guy would ever want, definitely a perfect 10. He was the president of Green Valley Middle School. Which explains what we were doing in the same room with him. He was going over some of the fundraisers we could do to raise money for our trip to Washington D.C. in April. When Jenny and I found out that Mathew was going to be present on the trip, we knew we had to be there. The calendar on the wall told the month to be February, and if we skipped a few pages to April, D.C. TRIP!!!!!! was marked in red and yellow, our school colors. We were going to be riding on a train all the way from Tennessee to Washington D.C. I wanted to raise a lot of money to help my parents out as much as possible, not to mention get noticed by Mathew, who was at the top of the fundraising committee, for raising the most money. I sat back and actually tried to concentrate on what he is saying. Jenny was once again seated next to me, this time in our train cabin. We were almost ready to leave the train station in Tennessee for Washington D.C when I decided to share my thoughts with Jenny: I wonder what Mathew is doing right now. I knew she would be wondering also. Me too, she said. Wouldnt that be totally bodacious if he got seated in our cabin? That would be awesome, but totally unrealistic! We knew that we most likely had no chance with Mathew, but we both found it fun to pretend we did. We looked back down at the magazine we were reading. Later, giggling about the outrageous clothing we saw in the magazine, Jenny and I looked up to find ourselves staring at Mathew and his friend Joe climbing into OUR CABIN! We couldnt believe our eyes! Joe burped, pretty loudly, then both jumped up and landed at the same time, which made an enormous thud that echoed throughout the train. Jenny and I exchanged puzzled glances as the two exited the cabin. The train was just starting to move when Mathew and Joe ran back in. He squinted at us. Hi, girls, he said with a smile. Are you two sixth graders? Was he talking to us? I kept asking myself. Finally I came to my senses and answered, as Jenny was still in her own state of shock. Yeah, were sixth graders. I said. He nodded. Pressure was on us, what to say, what to say? Im Jenny, and this is, EEEEK! I had just totally messed up, I was so nervous! Im sorry, I am Valerie, this is Jenny, I said and pointed to my best friend. Our conversation

Miss Havisham in the Novel Great Expectations

Miss Havisham in the Novel Great Expectations Free Online Research Papers Great Expectations is written by Charles Dickens and has many important characters and one of them is a very influential character and she is Miss Havisham. She brings the plot together and has a central position in the story. Dickens presents her in many ways: through her personality, her surroundings and her history. Dickens first presents her in her house Satis House. The house is described as empty and disused showing the reader that Miss Havisham is all alone. Time in this house has stood still, symbolized by the clocks all reading twenty to nine, Miss Havisham some time ago in the distant past stopped living her life. By wilfully stopping her life at a moment of pain and humiliation, she indulges her own anger, self-pity, and desire for revenge; she imagines her death as the finished curse upon the man who jilted her. Compeyson, her fiancà ©, left her at the altar on their wedding day. Her only objective in life is now to take revenge on all males. This is important as Miss Havisham takes revenge on men through her adopted daughter Estella who is told to break Pips heart as well as any other mans heart. She is presented as a weak, psychologically scarred, old and abandoned woman because of what happened to her. Dickens presents Miss Havisham as an unreal character. She has only been wearing her wedding dress these many years, ‘she had a long white veil dependent from her hair, and she had bridal flowers in her hair, but her hair was white’ since her ‘wedding day’. This is because she has never gotten over the fact that Compeyson had left her on her wedding day. Miss Havisham is portrayed as a wild, mentally fragile, sinister woman, in an effort to create an image in the reader’s mind of a woman who is physcologically damaged. In the 19th century there were many depressed people. Miss Havisham was rich: his makes her a character for whom we have sympathy. She is presented to the reader in her dining room, as this is the room in the whole house which has all the wedding decorations. There is a rotting cake on the table and the entire room is covered in cobwebs; there is no light, ‘The most prominent object waslike a black fungus.’ This shows that she doesn’t really care about or care for anything other than herself and what had happened to her. She walks around the table, ‘She looked all aroundWalk me, walk me!’, so that she is able to get Pip alone and talk to him about Estella, and maybe so that could just look at the table which makes her remember that day, wanting the memory to be kept alive, becoming more and more sinister as time goes by. An impression of Miss Havisham is presented by Dickens through the words and the style in which he writes about her. Her chest had droppedunder the weight of a crushing blow. Dickens uses repetition of the word dropped. This illustrates that Miss Havisham has lost everything; also dropped creates an image to the reader of a woman who is slumped and broken just waiting to die; someone who is mentally wounded. In addition that she has lost all hope, has low self-esteem, is becoming very depressed, and waiting to die. This description is important because it is the first impression Miss Havisham makes upon Pip and will be one that he always remembers. Miss Havishams actions of encouragement and inviting Pip over to play, brings Pip and Estella closer but what she has planned for Estella is cruel and selfish. Miss Havisham requests Pip to play with Estella, but enjoys watching Estella mock and shame him. She is happiest when Pip falls in love with Estella, because then she can taunt him that he will never be good enough to have her. â€Å"Miss Havisham repeated, If she tears your heart to pieceslove her, love her, love her!†, emphasising that he has to love her, trying to keep the image of Pip and Estella together in his brain. Miss Havisham wants Estella to break his heart. In the end, however Miss Havisham eventually sees that she has wanted to hurt Pip because she was hurt, and asks his forgiveness. Miss Havisham plays an important role in Pip’s life, as when she leads Pip to believe that she is his benefactor. He found out it was not her, and when he told her he had found out who his benefactor was, she confessed to making him believe that she was his benefactor but then asked, ’But when I fell into the mistake Who am I, for God’s sake, that I should be kind?’ emphasising that she can do what she wants but also she acts like a child who is throwing a tantrum. She most likely has not acted in this way as Estella herself is surprised by her actions, ‘Estella glanced up at her in surprise’. Pip also believes that it is a part of Miss Havisham’s plan to pair him up with Estella however, when he finds out that she had lied he also realize that the plan does not exist. However, Miss Havisham does continue to give Herbert Pocket money to assure his place in the Clarriker firm after Pip’s request for this, ‘Miss Havisham, if you would spare the money to do my friend Herbert a lasting service in life’. Pip asks for this because this is the least that Miss Havisham can do for him and Pip knows that Herbert is in a lot of debt. When Pip meets her for the last time, Miss Havisham realizes her wrongs doings, she shows heartfelt sorrow, and attempts to make amends. She asks for forgiveness ‘dropped on her knees at my feet: with her folded hands raised to me’ showing that she surrendered mentally and physically. The last time that is made known of in the novel is the time when she catches fire and become badly injured ‘I saw her running at me, shrieking, with a whirl of fire blazing all about her’. Pip’s attempts to save her still even after what she has done to him but he at that time felt for her. Her burning would have been seen to symbolize her purification in the 19th Century. In conclusion, I think that Miss Havisham is a very important character and has been presented by Dickens in a variety of ways. These are mainly presented in her personality, appearance and surroundings. She is a central character in the book because she brings together the two main characters. Research Papers on Miss Havisham in the Novel Great ExpectationsThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayMind TravelBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThree Concepts of PsychodynamicCapital PunishmentWhere Wild and West MeetTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Free Online Public Schools for Arkansas Students, K-12

Free Online Public Schools for Arkansas Students, K-12 Arkansas offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free. Below is a list of no-cost online schools currently serving elementary and high school students in Arkansas. In order to qualify for the list, schools must meet the following qualifications: classes must be available completely online, they must offer services to state residents, and they must be funded by the government. Virtual schools listed may be charter schools, state-wide public programs, or private programs that receive government funding. List of Alabama Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Arkansas Virtual Academy (off-site link)Arkansas Virtual High School About Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Many states now offer tuition-free online schools for resident students under a certain age (often 21). Most virtual schools are charter schools; they receive government funding and are run by a private organization. Online charter schools are subject to fewer restrictions than traditional schools. However, they are reviewed regularly and must continue to meet state standards. Some states also offer their own online public schools. These virtual programs generally operate from a state office or a school district. State-wide public school programs vary. Some online public schools offer a limited number of remedial or advanced courses not available in brick-and-mortar public school campuses. Others offer full online diploma programs. A few states choose to fund â€Å"seats† for students in private online schools. The number of available seats may be limited and students are usually asked to apply through their public school guidance counselor. (See also: 4 Types of Online High Schools). Choosing an Arkansas Online Public School When choosing an online public school, look for an established program that is regionally accredited and has a track record of success. Be wary of new schools that are disorganized, are unaccredited, or have been the subject of public scrutiny. For more suggestions on evaluating virtual schools see: How to Choose an Online High School.

Bipolar Disorder in Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Bipolar Disorder in Children - Essay Example They child may actually be diagnosed as having behavioral disorder, as a friend of mine did as a teenager, but there were no known medications to help treat it. Today, although diagnosis continues to be an area of frustration both for the parent and the psychiatrist, the knowledge that children can have bipolar disorder has made diagnosis more acceptable, recognition of the disease more likely, and treatment more successful. With the advancements in modern medicine and the study of psychology and psychiatry over the last decade as well as with the lifestyle choices available, life for bipolar children can be much different than that of their counterparts in the past. It is very important that bipolar disorder be treated. Left untreated, it can be a complete disaster for the child and those around him or her. Mania is especially dangerous, as a person experiencing the manic portion of bipolar disorder is quite literally a "maniac" (you can see how 'maniac' stems from the word 'mania') and there is no limit to what that person will do in that state. He or she may drive drunken, patrol around dangerous neighborhoods in the middle of the night, spend all of his or her money, steal, lie, and perform stunts that no one in his or her right mind would do. He or she is also more likely do fall into a life of drugs. One of the most difficult aspects of bipolar disorder in children is the correct diagnosis of the disease. Besides the obvious, "what is a normal question" in children, the disease is often coupled with other behavior or emotional problems that make the cause of the symptoms difficult to isolate. Also, because children are still developing their personality, testing boundaries, establishing behavior patterns, as well as learning communication abilities, recognizing the disease is very difficult in young children. The symptoms described previously vary between individuals and even within the same individual. Symptoms that are apparent at one time are replaced with another manifestation. Many of the symptoms mock depression or paranoid schizophrenia as well, and so they can be misdiagnosed in that fashion. Figure 1: The Different Sides of Bipolar Disorder Source: Cecille the Storyteller, 2009 The Purpose Statement A person that is misdiagnosed with Bipolar Disorder disease is frequently confused with ADHD and stimulants, along with the aforementioned afflictions, which in turn can make Bipolar Disorder worse because the child is not receiving the proper treatment and Bipolar Disorder can be very dangerous untreated. In addition, Bipolar Disorder in children is misdiagnosed due to the child taking the wrong medications, usually for depression. As can be seen in the following diagram, one can easily see how a misinformed doctor could diagnose Bipolar Disorder as depression or another related illness: Figure 1: People with Bipolar Disorder Are Depressed for Almost 1/3 of Their Lives Source: CNS Spectrums, 2009, pg. 1 Statement of the

Small Organisation Developpment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Small Organisation Developpment - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that contemporary marketing environments are highly dynamic and complex since marketing situations are largely influenced by technology, globalization and fierce competition in the market. Therefore, marketers are required to look at most effective strategies that can help them achieve competitive advantages as well as long-term profitability. As Carpenter and Sanders noted, marketers are always trying to sell their products or services to the targeted customers with a deliberate attempt to gain an advantage over other providers of the same products or services in the same market, and in order to achieve the marketing objectives, he is required to carry out effective planning and decision making. Armstrong and Kotler emphasized that a marketing plan, probably including its mission and vision, is one that identifies and defines the marketing activities of the business in terms of satisfying basic needs of its customers. Satisfying customersà ¢â‚¬â„¢ specific or general wants and needs is at the core of marketing and this itself is the basis of marketing objectives as well. Experts in the field of business found that a successful entrepreneur is one who brings a newer idea, finds opportunities to convert the same to a profitable venture, uses innovation and technology for producing something new and markets the same in a more attractive way. Treffinger, Isaksen, and Stead-Dorval emphasized that creative thinking is also an important characteristic of an entrepreneur and thus he will be able to create a newer marketing opportunity. Acs and Audretsch argued that an entrepreneur is able to create a better marketing order. When it comes to Down at Hele, company’s founder William Knapman’s outstanding entrepreneurial skills helped him uncover the hidden marketing opportunity surrounding hedgerow. He thought about restoring hedgerow for meeting the environmental management needs and for that purpose he tried to t urn traditional farm buildings into productive use. Though this can simply be considered as the unexpected and incongruous happening of an idea, the same can further be developed and converted to a very long-term profitable marketing opportunity if there are an effective plan and appropriate foreseeing of what and how it should be marketed.

Globalisation And Its Effect On Sovereignty

Globalisation And Its Effect On Sovereignty In essence, understanding the consequences that subsequently emerge from globalization and sovereignty depends on how we define both the globalization and sovereignty. Once defined it is much clearer to draw out the central themes concerning the relationship between globalisation and sovereignty. In this essay, the subject matter I have chosen to address pays focal attention to the three most palpable issues; political, economic and security-related safekeeping. In each case, I aim to demonstrate that globalization has both threatened sovereignty and strengthened it. Ultimately, I intend to show that whilst globalization has transformed our understanding of sovereignty it has progressed in such a way that globalization has, to a large degree, been structured around the Westphalian concept. If we are to understand how the consequences of globalization affect our understanding of sovereignty, we must first define what we mean when we speak of sovereignty and globalisation. For the sake of simplicity, I will offer a definition of both globalisation and sovereignty and proceeding from that basis draw out the consequences such a definition of globalization has on such a definition of sovereignty. Globalization is best defined as a relatively recent process of worldwide integration, cooperation and conscious building whereby an increase in the flows and trade of ideas, people, goods and services between national state borders is prevalent. Sovereignty is best defined as the recognised privilege of nation-states to legitimately hold and exercise complete authority over a territorialized jurisdiction, determine ones own destiny within ones territorialized jurisdiction and the freedom from external interference to dictate such domestic governing. Throughout human history, the globe has gone through a series of material epochs that have also brought with it a series of epochs concerning human political organization. The two most striking epochs shaping human political or ganisation in recent times have been firstly; the emergence of the modern state, and secondly; the emergence of an era many contemporary political analysts regard as the post-modern epoch. It is these two prominent concepts of human political organisation that have fashioned the debate of globalization and sovereignty. The era in which the modern state emerged can be expectedly traced back to the Westphalian Peace Treaty of 1648 where the idea of state sovereignty arose and set the foundations to the normative structure for international relations in the last several hundred years (McGrew, 2009: 23). As the sovereign state arose because of a particular conjunction of social and political interests in Europe (Mansbach, 2000: 59) so too have interests dictated that sovereign states be drawn into union in the post-modern era. The most defining interests of the post-modern era that have drawn sovereign states into union have centred on political, economic and security-related safekeepin g. International political relations in the 20th century have drastically transformed the way in which nation-states co-operate. Since the 1940s, substantial political integration has become so predominant that some political theorists believe that the idea of Westphalian sovereignty no longer pertains. Political interconnectedness via international and regional organisations such as the United Nations and European Union has meant that nation-states are increasingly coalescing and thus sacrificing their recognition as sovereign. Advocates of such a view argue that supranational entities such as the European Union demand unified conformity and thus gradually erode the individual legal characteristics set by the legitimate authority put in place to govern over a territorialized jurisdiction. As such, they argue member states of the European Union have forfeited their freedom to determine their own destiny by willingly granting external entities the privilege to interfere and dictate d omestic governing. A classic contemporary example we can take into consideration of where critics argue that the monopoly of domestic-retained governing is undermined and reduced can be found in the European Unions European Court of Justice. Via the European Arrest Warrant, the European Court of Justice issued an extradition order for British citizen and controversial historian Frederick Toben in 2008 for alleged denial of the Holocaust. Whilst the German government who had initiated the arrest warrant eventually abandoned the extradition order, critics of globalization would argue that the incident demonstrates that the extent of British integration into the European Union calls into question the definitive distinctions between state sovereignty and supranational interference. Conversely, however, advocates of British membership to the European Union would argue that the fact that the extradition order was dropped demonstrates that member states clearly still retain the legitimate monopoly to exercise complete enforcement of domestic laws. Nevertheless, whilst critics of globalization may perceive the consequences of globalization to be eroding the concept of state sovereignty, and political theorists such as Stephen D. Krasner accepts that state interdependence has somewhat reduced the Westphalian concept of state sovereignty when the domestic jurisdiction of sovereignty is taken into account, Krasner also argues that globalization is not necessarily eroding the concept of state sovereignty but evolving, enhancing and expanding the concept (Krasner, 1999). Supporters of this argument would point to international organisations such as the United Nations that stresses each member state recognise and uphold the principle of respect for the territorial and political jurisdiction of fellow states (Mansbach, 2000: 71). In this way, whilst some may see international organisations of this nature to have a negative influence on the idea of sovereignty, it is argued t hat such organisations in fact strengthen the value of sovereignty by including the idea as a central pillar to United Nations structure. Political integration is practically inseparable from economic integration. The latter has also been a historic product of globalization, specifically since the end of the Cold War. The internationalization of commerce, spreading global capitalism into all continents, has become so substantial that the issue of borders has become irrelevant and vanished as an effective control mechanism (Reynolds, 2000: 650-656). For national state sovereignty therefore, economic amalgamation has become an inevitable consequence to which many feel has both merits and demerits. International organisations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have played an extensive role in shaping intercontinental trade and thus created animosity and resentment in specifically non-Western states where it is properly accepted as an extension of Western ideolog y. In recent years, there has been some vocal opposition to the International Monetary Funds involvement in South Africa where the post-apartheid state continues to be indebted by International Monetary Fund loans dating back to the apartheid era. For many South Africans such colossal debt, they feel, has prevented them from making good their freedom in the post-apartheid era and ultimately restricted their ability to direct funds toward social programmes such as education, health and even policing within their territorial jurisdiction. In essence, many of those who resent economic integration feel The increasing internationalisation of national economies and the increasing transnational character of capital, suggests that policies designed to compete for inward investment favour transnational rather than national interests (Ralph, 2001: 158). However, advocates of global capitalism and the democratic peace theory argue that the internationalization of trade has not only created gre ater wealth (Osterhammel and Petersson, 2005: 121) but also lessened the prospect of military conflict among state actors that adopt liberal democratic political values and thus capitalist economics. Therefore, they argue, ensuring state stability on a global basis and accordingly reinforcing the effectiveness of state sovereignty, internally and externally. This is evident if one takes into account that since the 1940s, countries that have adopted liberal democracy and capitalist economics have not waged war against one another or had a civil war. Interlinked with state stability and sovereignty in a global era is the issue of security-related safekeeping. The issue of security-related safekeeping is also, like political relations, intertwined with the economic aspect. Technological advance in areas such as transport and communications has had an impact on sovereignty on a global scale so much so that it has shaped, if not dictated, greater co-operation among state actors in times of peace and in times of conflict. Conflict, specifically, has drastically changed over the last several centuries due to the global integration of both technology and communications. In contemporary international relations, state actors have been effectively forced to collaborate on related national security interests (Mansbach, 2000: 80-92). International relations in the 21st century has been commonly referred to an era whereby global cooperation between state actors will be crucial in managing the phenomenon of global terror (Eriksen, 2007: 134-138). This phenomenon of global terror has greatly benefited from the technological advance of transport and communications and thus revolutionized contemporary warfare. The War in Afghanistan, for example, was prompted not by any central authority in the nation-state but by non-state actors Al Qaeda. As a result of the September 11th Attacks the War on Terror has challenged the state sovereignty of numerous nation-states, predominantly Iraq and most recently Iran. Greater emphasis has also been placed on international stability and human rights. Thus, the globalization of terrorism has transformed the way in which we conceptualise the right to the privilege of sovereignty of other nation-state and the way in which we ourselves perceive our own sovereignty in the post-modern age (Arnold, 2008: 190-209). However, there are those that whilst recognizing that the art of war has changed over time, of which globalization has had an immeasurable impact upon, who argue that If we think of global politics today as unfolding in an arena without superordinate authority, in which overlapping groups compete with each otherand in which the potential for violence is present, then the politics of medieval Europe may not seem so alien (Mansbach, 2000: 43). Some would even go as far to say that the art of war, or rather terrorism, has only superficially changed (Baylis and Rengger, 1992: 229-230). In this sense, the Hobbesian view that the period in which the Westphalian concept of state sovereignty arose in Europe was a time where lack of security and the absence of clear centres of authorityerased the distinction between the domestic and foreign realms (Mansbach, 2000: 44) can be considered exceptionally relevant to how the Westphalian concept still remains a central pillar to the normative structure of inter-state security relations since its emergence. In conclusion, understanding the consequences that subsequently emerge from globalization and sovereignty depends on how we define both concepts. Proceeding from that basis there are three central issues that are instantly recognizable to such a discussion, namely; political, economic and security-related safekeeping. In each case, globalization has both threatened sovereignty and strengthened it. Ultimately, I consider that Since state evolution was gradual, states managed to monopolize the means of coercionToday, some states have surrendered that monopoly . This does not suggest that states will become irrelevant or disappear. Rather they must share pride of place with other actors and must co-operate with one anotherto cope with todays challenges (Mansbach, 2000: 59).

Corporate Social Responsibility Task

The partnership is employee owned (these employees are Often called members or partners) and so they state that their purpose is â€Å"the happiness of all our members, through their worthwhile, satisfying employment in a successful business† The next business researched was McDonald's which is the largest global fast food restaurant in the world. It has over 34000 stores located around the world that serve around 68 million people a day (equivalent to the population of the K). McDonald's has often been criticized for its effect on the environment and its customers due to its low quality products.Its main competition is KEF and Burger King although to combat this McDonald's offers a larger product range with KEF mainly focusing on chicken and Burger King mainly offering burgers. To help promote their food to children they use a clown mascot that they also use for their charities that support children e. G the Ronald McDonald House charity which offers temporary homes for famil ies with close relatives who are in a distant hospital. The Final business researched was SAD which is owned by Wall-Mart, the largest private employer in the world and the second largest public reparation in the world.SAD got its name from the merger of Associated Dairies & Farm Stores Limited and Acquits (a small chain of supermarkets) with the AS coming from Acquits and the DAD coming from Dairies. SAD has had various problems with false advertising in the past usually due to showing items in adverts for sales that are not included in the sale. SAD manufactures and sells its own range of clothes called George. SAD employs 175,000 employees and 565 stores in the ASK. Its mission statement is â€Å"to be Britain's best value retailer exceeding customer needs always. All of these organizations have been put under pressure in recent years to act responsibly and show good corporate social responsibility. The main pressure on these businesses comes from pressure groups which are group s such as Greenback who put pressure on businesses who damage the environment. These groups can have a substantial effect on a business as they can use various protest methods to reduce the profits of a business. These methods include calling for boycotts, deterring ethical consumers, picketing and even suing the business.All these methods cause negative publicity for the equines which deters customers from going to the store as its actions may not follow their ethical beliefs. Negative publicity can also affect share prices as this publicity can be an indicator that the profits of the business fall drop soon due to some of their customers being deterred. The main organization have researched that has been effected by this is McDonald's who has been targeted by various environmental groups in the past and is now being targeted by PETA who has done investigations into McDonald's and has set up whom. Cruelty. Com which publicizes how McDonald's mistreats animals. This is likely to det er customers from going to McDonald's and cause it to lose a small amount of its market. Although it is being targeted negatively by some pressure groups, other groups have recently sat reed to us port its new CEO-friendly initiatives and employment strategies which has improved the company's image a lot. Another organization that has been effected negatively is SAD who have been targeted by Labor Behind the Label and War on Want who have shown various suppliers of SAD to be underpaying workers.This would affect ethical consumers as they would be deterred from supporting SAD and its u pliers by buying their products and some may protest against SAD in other ways. Pressure groups can also help a business if it shows advancement in particular CAR fields. The John Lewis Partnership is the main business that I've researched that has benefited from positive publicity from pressure groups as it has received various awards from pressure groups for having good suppliers and caring for the e nvironment.One of their recent awards, the good pig award, allowed the company to advertise that they sourced their pork products from high welfare farms which would increase the likelihood hat an ethical consumer would purchase that product. Many of the Actions taken by pressure groups would not work without ethical consumers. Ethical consumers are people who purchase goods based partly on them being ethically right.An example of this is people who buy fair trade products which are often more expensive than non-fair trade products but help support the producers of those products. These consumers are very important for the pressure groups as it can allow them to get customers to boycott certain products or retailers. This also allows pressure groups to influence the decisions of a business as they can reduce the profits of a business or alternatively if the business is doing well in some aspect of CAR they can give them an award that will attract ethical consumers to them.An example of the power of ethical consumerism is that McDonald's has been forced to alter its view on the environment with it being linked to rainforest's destruction and over packaging of products whereas now it has some of the best packaging in the fast food industry and has decreased its effect on the rainforest's. The main way ethical consumerism has affected SAD is through the reduces it sells with them now stocking a large range of fair-trade and free range products to encourage ethical consumers to go to SAD instead of its competitors.This has caused SAD to decrease its profit margin on these products as these products cost more for SAD to buy which may have lost them money for a short time but would increase their sales due to greater Customer retention. The John Lewis Partnership has benefited a lot from ethical consumerism with many of its products aimed at ethical consumers and a lot of its customers choosing to shop their because of their view on business.This allows them to main tain a good customer base as ethical consumers are likely to keep shopping at John Lewis Partnership stores so long as they continue to make ethical decisions. Often the main way a business promotes it is being socially responsible is through its investments. This helps to maintain a good relationship with pressure groups and advertises the business to ethical consumers. An example of this is McDonald's who promote their investment into fuelling over 50% of their trucks with bodiless and continually researching ways to reduce their packaging waste.Most socially responsible investments made by a business have other benefits too such as the bodiless they make themselves which reduces fuelling costs and decreasing waste packaging means they don't have to buy as much of the raw materials for the packaging. The John Lewis Partnership promotes its socially responsible actions a lot. An example of this is that it has invested into an awards program called the Waitress Supplier Awards which rewards suppliers for improving their environmental performance. This has helped Waitress improve its suppliers so that ethical groups will continue to support Waitress.This also advertises to consumers that Waitress are trying to improve the CAR Of their suppliers and not just their stores. SAD gain substantial benefits from advertising its socially responsible actions. One way it has benefited is through better employment as it advertises its employment benefits, such as access to its skills academy, to gain a better standard of employees. It also benefits by advertising the various things it is doing for the local community, such as supporting a local athlete, which would help the local community see some of the good aspects to having an SAD in their community.All 3 of the businesses I have researched have benefited from their positive CAR which has helped them grow. The John Lewis Partnership has benefited a lot from the good publicity it has received from various organizations that report on CAR to the extent that it has become the industries leader for ethical consumers. This has allowed their stores to offer their goods at a higher price than their competitors as their customers are willing to pay more for an ethically sourced product.As they have a history of ethical consumerism they have been able to maintain customer loyalty as it is less keel for them to make an unethical business decision. John Lewis has also used its employment benefits to maintain a good work force with it giving its employees a large percentage of the profits (usually in the form of a bonus worth 2 months pay). These benefits increase employee loyalty and make the John Lewis Partnership a more attractive option for job seekers. This allows the stores to be more selective when employing new members of staff so that they can get the best person for the job.This also allows them to create a more diverse workforce so that they can find out bout different ways to market products tow ards people of a different age, culture, ethnicity, sex and background. McDonald's has benefited from the positive publicity from its socially responsible actions a lot because in the past many pressure groups have given McDonald's negative publicity on its effects on the environment, its packaging and its effects on the consumers health. Over recent years though it has advertised what it has done to combat these issues to such an extent that it has now won a lot of environmental awards.This has helped to increase its ethical consumer customer base and in turn increase its profits. The main area McDonald's has benefited from good CAR is in its recruitment. Due to McDonald's offering its employees a good range of benefits it has been named one of the Auk's top employers. This helps promote McDonald's to potential employees and helps retain employees which is essential for McDonald's as most Of their franchise owners are previous employees. SAD has benefited a lot though the loyalty o f its customers. This is due to them maintaining a good price for their products while still doing a lot for their CAR.This has meant that the business has not had to invest in club cards which it says cost â€Å"hundreds of millions of pounds† and only reward â€Å"people who can afford to spend the most†. Instead it explains that it uses that money to reduce the cost oftener products â€Å"across the board for everyone. † This allows them to advertise that they have more products cheaper than Deco's than Deco's have of SAD. This draws in new customers and maintains customer loyalty as customers believe it is the best option for them to shop there. SAD have offered a lot of benefits to employees with cheaper stock offerings and various qualifications available. Corporate Social Responsibility task One thing it has done is source a lot Of its products from local suppliers e. G. All Waitress fresh chicken, beef and pork, bacon, duck and goose are sourced room the [J which helps local communities as it increases the profits of the local suppliers and allows them to expand which allows them to increase their workforce. Increasing the suppliers workforce helps the community as it decreases unemployment rates and increases the amount of money that stays in the community.This is very important to local communities as usually 95% of a business's income is taken away from the local community but by altering its supply methods and improving its employee bonuses John Lewis removes a lot less. Another way the John Lewis Partnership has had a positive impact on the coal community is through its employee bonuses which are substantially larger than most other supermarkets. This helps the local community as it gives the employees more disposable income which is likely to be spent in the local community.It also helps employees to maintain financial stability through the Christmas period which would help the community as there would not be as many community members in debt after Christmas. The John Lewis Partnership has also helped the local community through its community matters scheme which offers its employees the opportunity to work with the community on local projects. This combined with their investment of Ell million into the local community has benefited their local communities a lot.This helps the local community as it not only gives them the funds to make a change but access to a large workforce to get it done. The final way the John Lewis Partnership helps the local community is by using diverse recruitment methods which helps different parts of the local community to learn about each other's cultures and helps people who would find it hard to get a job. An example of this is their elderly recruitment which provides jobs to elderly people who normally would fi nd it hard to get a job.This would also set an example for other business in the area and so increase diverse recruitment methods in other businesses. The John Lewis Partnership also has a negative impact on local communities as its Waitress products are often a higher price than other supermarkets which could cause problems for people with money troubles as they would not be able to afford as much. This may also cause a class divide in some areas as some would be financially able to shop at John Lewis or Waitress whereas other would not and so this may split the community.The John Lewis Partnership has also been linked to an increase in house rises as people are willing to pay more for a house located near a Waitress. This effect has been noticed by estate agents in areas that a Waitress has been built nearby with some claiming it increases house prices by up to 25%. This would affect people who want to move into the area as they may find fewer houses in their budget. This would al so affect the diversity of the local community as it would reduce the amount of people who have a lower income in the area.This would however have a positive impact on people already living in the area as their house value would increase. The final negative impact that Waitress has had is that in some communities it has caused traffic problems as people from the local area flock in to use the store. This would affect the environment as some of these people would have driven further than normal so that they can use Waitress rather than a different store. This would also affect the local area which would become more congested and would have to spend Moore to maintain the roads.Overall I think that the John Lewis partnership is good for the local community as it offers the local community a range of high quality products and has advanced ethical consumerism a lot. Also the main negative impacts John Lewis has are difficult for them to change and they are still trying to improve on thes e effects such as offering a value range to make Waitress a more affordable option and looking to decrease its impact on congestion such as at its Guilford site which is located near a large junction they have paid for the council to improve the roads.McDonald's McDonald's is probably the most improved business I have researched as it has received a lot of negative publicity on its CAR choices in the past but is now trying to improve its public image. One way it has done this is by advertising its various green schemes that reduce the impact they have on the environment. The most visual form of this environmental change is their packaging which has been altered so it is now more biodegradable and smaller.This helps the local community as it makes it easier for the council to deal with any litter that is dropped by a customer and it reduces the amount of waste McDonald's contributes to the local land fill. Another way McDonald's green schemes have helped the local community is that i t has increased its local product sourcing. This decreases the air miles of he food and reduces the amount of money that is removed from the local community. This helps support local agriculture which is at threat due to other companies sourcing products from overseas.This also helps to support the local economy as a transnational corporation usually removes a lot of money from local communities and so the more money it spends on local produce the less impact it has on the local economy. McDonald's also helps the local community by bringing a lot of jobs to their community and hiring people with little or no experience which helps some members of the local community improve their ability to work. This also helps people in higher education as often McDonald's working hours are quite flexible and so they can work their without it affecting their education.The final way they are trying to help the local community is by decreasing the amount of litter found around the community. They ar e doing this by funding local council bins and putting litter bins outside of their restaurants. This helps the local community as it makes it a cleaner place and improves its image which would increase the amount of people who would want to visit the area. This also helps reduce the cost for the council when dealing with an areas litter problem. McDonald's has had substantial negative impacts on the local community as well.The main impact it has had is on the health of the local people as many of their best selling products are unhealthy and the products that are healthy have been criticized as they often do not appeal to their customer base. This is shown in a daily mail article called â€Å"McDonald's shares fall as customers shun new healthier items on the menu† that links recent price drops to customers rejecting the healthier McDonald's products. Although McDonald's are trying to combat litter in their local communities, they are one of the main causers of it. This is s hown by a 2009 survey that McDonald's packaging makes up for a third of the Auk's litter.Also a lot of their delivery packaging contributes to local landfills which if filled would have to be expanded or a new local site would have to be created which would decrease the appeal of the local area. Overall I think that McDonald's is bad for the local community as although it is trying to reduce its impact on the local community it still has a strong impact on the local populations' health and the cleanliness of the surrounding area. This would decrease the appeal of the area which may lead to problems such s a decrease in house prices, less tourism and less people visiting the area to use the local shops.As I have mentioned above, McDonald's is often criticized for it negative effects on the customer's health and its low sales in its healthy options. To decrease these negative effects McDonald's should look to invest in research on improving the nutritional value of their food. This re search should include trials of various food ideas in some of their stores so that they can work out which ones to spread chain wide and which to improve on. After improving the healthiness of their product range they should then Penn a large amount of money on a new advertising campaign that advertises the largest changes e. . A large decrease in calories or saturated fat in their burgers. This should also include a look at their Other positive improvements such as their care for the environment and anything else related to the welfare of their customers and the environment they live in. Due to McDonald's advertisement of its healthier product range the company's image should improve. This should help to set up a business deal with a new healthy food partner such as Real Foods, Weight watchers, Wellness Foods or another healthy food company who would be happier to e associated with a healthier McDonald's.With one of these healthy food company McDonald's should work with them to try and improve the taste of their healthier product range so that it seems a more attractive option to customers. This would allow McDonald's to gain a larger customer base as then only other large fast food chain that can advertise the healthiness of its food is subway who McDonald's could take customers from. This could also be used to try and appeal to a larger customer base as some organizations, such as weight watchers, offer their own food range for people who are dieting.If they sold weight watchers dieting products or certified some of their own products as recommended by a healthy food company then they would probably attract a lot of new customers as their main competition, KEF and Burger King do not offer any specific dieting products. Another benefit of this is that they could work with a company such as Real Foods to increase the amount of special diet foods on their menu. This would increase their customer base as it would attract people that are vegetarian, vegan or hav e an allergy to things like gluten or wheat.This improvement would greatly improve McDonald's image as they would come the market leader in healthy fast food which, with its environmental work, would alter the view of groups such as PETA who would not target them as much. This image change would also increase the amount of children (one of their prime demographics) that go to McDonald's as parents would be happier to take them if they had healthy food. SAD SAD benefits the local community mainly through its SAD foundation program which supports a lot of small charities located around the ILK.This is especially helpful to the local community as most businesses only support arguer charities but as SAD has this program it can donate to smaller charities that need the money to improve their functionality in the local community. So far this year the program has donated almost E3000000 to a wide variety of charities which often offer specialist support for members of the community. Anothe r way SAD is helping the local community is through its new plan to give Store space to local authorities, businesses, voluntary groups and educational services.It is giving this space as a lot more customers are buying online and so the stores do not need as much space for stock. This helps the local community as it means that customers are more likely to find out about various groups and community projects in their community. The final way SAD has had a positive impact on the local community is through its community life program which offers customers the opportunity to vote on what SAD should do with the money it plans on investing in the local community. This helps the local community as it increases the relativity of the changes for the local community.This also encourages other groups to consult the community more due to the increased advertisement they receive from voters. SAD has also had a negative community due to where it's building. A lot of Sad's stores are deliberately located near another supermarket to try and reduce its profits. The problem with this is that often they can't find a suitable site near enough and so use planning loopholes and other methods such as paying for an improved transport system to secure sites that aren't meant to be built on.This affects the community negatively because it is likely that there would have been a reason for the council not wanting the supermarket being built there (e. G. The site had natural beauty). This also effects where the average shopper purchases goods as many of these stores are located out of town or on the edge of towns many people are drawn away from the shopping area Of the town and so are less likely to purchase something from that area. Due to Sad's delivery service many of their Lorries have to go into smaller towns to make deliveries.This poses problems for the local community as they may not have the infrastructure needed for Lorries to travel through their town which could cause damage to the roads and congestion. This effects the local community as the council would have to pay for any damage one to the road and the local people may find it harder to get to their destination. Like other supermarkets, SAD cause 2 main problems, increased traffic and a decrease in business for local shops.